First of all, descriptive characteristics of the data professionals of the sex was indeed showed as proportions through its respective 95% trust interval (CI)
Sociodemographic features included racial care about-group (white or low-white e.grams. black colored, brown, reddish, or native), place of residence (metropolitan otherwise outlying), education (0–4, 5–8, 9–11, or ? twelve age), and month-to-month house income for every single capita during the tertiles (reasonable, center, otherwise high). New urban–rural classification try in accordance with the tips utilized by the newest Brazilian Institute away from Geography and you will Statistics (during the Portuguese, IBGE) meet pretty Kramatorsk women looking for men during the 2010 populace census out-of management limitations set out from the local laws and regulations. Within for each and every municipality’s limitations, these types of local laws and regulations introduce an imaginary range called “metropolitan edge”. The new census tracts found from inside the “metropolitan fringe” is actually called metropolitan, whereas the remaining section is appointed outlying. Another information is actually gotten compliment of a face-to-face interviews on participant’s family.
Anthropometric details
Height was measured in centimeters (cm) using a portable vertical stadiometer (NutriVida®, Brazil) with the participants barefoot with legs and feet parallel, weight distributed on both feet, arms relaxed at the sides, palms facing the body, and head in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Weight was measured in kilograms (kg) using a portable digital scale (SECA®, Germany) with participants barefoot. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the ratio between weight in kilograms (kg) and height in square meters (m 2 ). BMI cutoff points were based on the World Health Organization recommendation: underweight (< 18.5> 94 cm in men and > 80 cm in women were considered “increased” since they are associated with a higher risk of metabolic complications . All anthropometric variables were measured twice during the home visit by trained interviewers and the mean of the measurements was used in the analyses. Further information can be seen in the handbook on the survey homepage (
Analytical analysis
Additionally, we provided information on the most prevalent chronic diseases diagnosed by a physician in our sample. Secondly, fractional polynomial regression models were fitted to estimate the percentiles (P5, P10, P20, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P95) of HGS by age group and sex. This method provides smooth centile curves and explicit formulae for the percentile estimates. Diagnostic tests were used to evaluate the model fit (normal plot of the Z-scores, Shapiro–Wilk test, and residuals plot). The model was fitted by maximum likelihood, which accounts for non-normal skewness and/or kurtosis in the data . Thirdly, HGS centile curves for men and women were plotted in charts. Finally, unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models separate for men and women were created to investigate the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables associated with muscle weakness, being estimated the odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI. Variables with p < 0.20>
Overall performance
Figure 1 describes the flow chart of the participants throughout the study. Our analytical sample was composed of 7905 participants aged 50–101 years (63.1 ± 9.1 years): 3162 men (63.2 ± 8.7 years) and 4743 women (63.1 ± 9.4 years). The excluding participants were similar to including participants regarding sex (p = 0.092), schooling (p = 0.813), and monthly household income per capita (p = 0.189) but tended to be older (? 80 years: 11.8% vs. 6.5%, respectively, p < 0.001).
The features of one’s data players by sex can be seen inside Table step 1. Both in sexes, really members have been low-white, lived in the brand new area, had 0–4 several years of education, and you may shown enhanced hips width. Towards Bmi, over weight is the most common group for men (42.9%), if you find yourself fat and you will obesity had nearly similar wavelengths for ladies (thirty-six.9% and you can thirty-five.4%, respectively). Out of persistent illness, forty-two.1% from professionals stated with a health analysis off arterial blood circulation pressure, 17.4% from diabetic issues mellitus, 11.5% away from osteoporosis, 7.4% of heart illness (angina, myocardial infarction, and you can heart inability), and 5.7% regarding respiratory disease (asthma and persistent obstructive pulmonary condition).